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APA REFERENCING AND CITING SKILLS

APA Referencing & Citation

Academic conventions and copyright law require that you acknowledge when you use the ideas of others. In most cases, this means stating which book or journal article is the source of an idea or quotation. This guide draws from the: American Psychological Association.

Examples - APA Referencing

• Reference to a book Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (year of publication). Title of book. Location of publication: Publisher. e.g. Ibn Abdulaziz, T. (2004). Classic experiments in psychology. Westport, CT: Greenwood.

• Reference to an article in a journal

• Reference to an article in a journal

Author, A. A. (year of publication). Title of article. Journal Title, volume number(issue number), page–page. doi:xxxx 5 e.g. Matney, G. T. (2014). Early mathematics fluency with CCSSM. Teaching Children Mathematics, 21(1), 27-35.

• Reference to a conference paper • Reference to a conference paper Reference to a conference paper Presenter, A. A. (Year, Month). Title of paper or poster. Paper or poster session presented at the meeting of Organisation Name, Location. e.g. Jodel, F., Russell, F, Tepper, K., Todd, P. & Zahora, T. (2009, September). Joined at the hip: Partnerships between librarians and learning skills advisers. Poster session presented at the International Congress of Medical Librarianship, Brisbane.

• Reference to a publication from a corporate body (e.g. a government department or other organization). Author, A.A. (year of publication). Title of publication (Number of report). Place of publication:Publisher. e.g. Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2008). Childhood education and care (No. 4402.0). Canberra, ACT: Author.

• Reference to a thesis Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of thesis or dissertation (Doctoral dissertation or Master's thesis). Retrieved from Name of database. (Accession or Order no.) e.g. Bozeman, A. Jr. (2007). Age of onset as predictor of cognitive performance in children with seizure disorders. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from Proquest Dissertations and Theses. (UMI 3259752)

• Electronic material - following the Harvard System Author, A. A. & Author, B. B. (Year of publication). Title of work. Retrieved from URL Singh, L. (2011). The critcal decade: Climate change and health. Retrieved from http://climatecommission.gov.au/report/the-critical-decade-climate-change-and-health/

APA Citation

In APA style, in-text citations are placed within sentences and paragraphs so that it is clear what information is being quoted or paraphrased and whose information is being cited.

Examples: • Works by a single author The last name of the author and the year of publication are inserted in the text at the appropriate point. 6 From theory on bounded rationality (Simon, 1945) If the name of the author or the date appear as part of the narrative, cite only missing information in parentheses. Simon (1945) posited that

Works by multiple authors • Works by multiple authors When a work has two authors, always cite both names every time the reference occurs in the text. In parenthetical material join the names with an ampersand (&). as has been shown (Leiter & Maslach, 1998)

• In the narrative text, join the names with the word "and." • In the narrative text, join the names with the word "and." as Leiter and Maslach (1998) demonstrated • When a work has three, four, or five authors, cite all authors the first time the reference occurs. • When a work has three, four, or five authors, cite all authors the first time the Kahneman, Knetsch, and Thaler (1991) found • In all subsequent citations per paragraph, include only the surname of the first author followed by "et al." (Latin for "and others") and the year of publication. Kahneman et al. (1991) found

Footnote

The Footnote/ Bibliography method requires two elements: footnotes throughout your assignment, and a bibliography or list of references at the end.

Footnotes (sometimes just called ‘notes’) are what they sound like—a note (or a reference to a Source of information) which appears at the foot (bottom) of a page. In a footnote referencing system, you indicate a reference by: putting a small number above the line of type directly following the source material. This number is called a note identifier. It sits slightly above the line of text. It looks like this.1